Articulated delivery instrument

ABSTRACT

An articulated delivery instrument for the proper positioning and placements of inserts, for example, an insert such as a lumbar interbody fusion device (“LIF”). The instrument may comprise a body and a first member slidingly coupled to the body. A rotating member for releasably retaining an insert may be pivotally coupled to a distal end of the body and the first member. A first actuator may function to translate the first member relative to the body. Translation of the first member relative to the body may rotate the rotating member relative to the instrument. A second actuator may function to transition the rotating member between release and retention of the insert.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application relates to, and claims the benefit of the filing date of, co-pending U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/752,544 entitled “RETICULATED DELIVERY INSTRUMENT” filed Dec. 21, 2005, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This disclosure relates to systems and methods for stabilization of human spines, and, more particularly, to instruments for inserting spinal implants for lumbar interbody fusion devices.

2. Description of the Related Art

The human spine is a complex structure designed to achieve a myriad of tasks, many of them of a complex kinematic nature. The spinal vertebrae allow the spine to flex in three axes of movement relative to the portion of the spine in motion. These axes include the horizontal (bending either forward/anterior or aft/posterior), roll (lateral bending to either left or right side) and rotation (twisting of the shoulders relative to the pelvis).

The intervertebral spacing (between neighboring vertebrae) in a healthy spine is maintained by a compressible and somewhat elastic disc. The disc serves to allow the spine to move about the various axes of rotation and through the various arcs and movements required for normal mobility. The elasticity of the disc maintains spacing between the vertebrae, allowing room or clearance for compression of neighboring vertebrae, during flexion and lateral bending of the spine. In addition, the disc allows relative rotation about the vertical axis of neighboring vertebrae, allowing the twisting of the shoulders relative to the hips and pelvis. Clearance between neighboring vertebrae maintained by a healthy disc is also important to allow nerves from the spinal chord to extend out of the spine, between neighboring vertebrae, without being squeezed or impinged by the vertebrae.

In situations (based upon injury or otherwise) where a disc is not functioning properly, the inter-vertebral disc tends to compress, and in doing so pressure is exerted on nerves extending from the spinal cord by this reduced inter-vertebral spacing. Various other types of nerve problems may be experienced in the spine, such as exiting nerve root compression in neural foramen, passing nerve root compression, and enervated annulus (where nerves grow into a cracked/compromised annulus, causing pain every time the disc/annulus is compressed), as examples. Many medical procedures have been devised to alleviate such nerve compression and the pain that results from nerve pressure. Many of these procedures revolve around attempts to prevent the vertebrae from moving too close to each other by surgically removing an improperly functioning disc and replacing it with a lumbar interbody fusion device (“LIF”). Although prior interbody devices, including LIF cage devices, can be effective at improving patient condition, the vertebrae of the spine, body organs, the spinal cord, other nerves, and other adjacent bodily structures make it difficult to obtain surgical access to the location between the vertebrae where the LIF cage is to be installed.

Generally speaking, using a less invasive surgical technique for a spinal surgical procedure will minimize trauma to the surrounding bone, tissues and muscle and improve patient condition after the surgery. However, the size of the LIF cage itself often dictates a relatively large size for the required surgical opening. Accordingly, it would be desirable to reduce the size of the LIF cage to minimize the size for the required surgical opening for installation of the LIF cage, while maintaining high strength, durability and reliability of the LIF cage device. Furthermore, it would also be desirable to design instruments for delivering these types of spinal implants. Instruments that can minimize trauma to the patient and can deliver these spinal implants accurately and precisely will be desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the present invention provides an instrument for delivering an insert. The instrument may comprise a body, a first member translatingly coupled to the body, and a rotating member pivotally connected to a distal end of the body and the first member. The rotating member may be configured to releasably retain the insert. The instrument may further comprise a first actuator coupled to the body and the first member. The first actuator may be configured to translate the first member with respect to the body. Additionally, the instrument may comprise a second actuator coupled to the rotating member. The second actuator may be configured to transition the rotating member between release and retention of the insert.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following Detailed Description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A is a sagittal view of an embodiment of a delivery instrument designed to insert a LIF cage into the intervertebral space;

FIG. 1B is a bottom view of an embodiment of the delivery instrument of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 1C is a detail view of an articulated joint of the delivery instrument shown in FIG. 1B;

FIG. 1D is a sectional detail of the articulated joint shown in FIG. 1C;

FIGS. 2A-2B are sectional views illustrating operation of the delivery instrument;

FIG. 3A-3D are perspective views illustrating operation of the articulated joint.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The entire contents of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/752,544 entitled “RETICULATED DELIVERY INSTRUMENT” filed Dec. 21, 2005, are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. In the following discussion, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details.

FIG. 1A is a sagittal view of an illustrative embodiment of a delivery instrument 100 designed to insert a LIF cage into an intervertebral space. FIG. 1B depicts the delivery instrument 100 and illustrates another view of the articulated joint 114 and the internal actuator rod 104. FIG. 1C is a detail of the articulated joint 114. FIG. 1A depicts a main body portion 102, and a sliding actuator portion 106 slidably coupled to the main body portion 102. An embodiment of a threaded knob 112, rotatably mounted on a proximal end of the delivery instrument 100, may couple the sliding actuator 106 to the main body portion 102. A handle 108 may be pivotally coupled to the main body portion 102 and, by way of a link member 110, the handle 108 may be further coupled to an internal actuator rod 104. At a distal end of the delivery instrument 100, an articulated joint 114 of certain embodiments may comprise a pair of grasping plates 118A and 118B, rotatably mounted on a pin 124. The distal ends of grasping plates 118 may be configured to support an intervertebral implant device, such as an LIF cage, one embodiment of which is shown here as an implant device 120, releaseably grasped by the grasping plates 118.

As shown in FIG. 1D, each of the grasping plates 118 may be configured to have a circular portion 116, a thumb portion 117, and an extended finger portion 119. Thumb portions 117 may be rotatably coupled to the proximal end of sliding actuator portion 106 by a pin 121. Extended finger portions 119 may rigidly and removably grasp the implant device 120. Protrusions of the extended finger portions 119 may be securely fitted within corresponding recesses located within the implant device 120. Therefore, when the implant device 120 is attached to an end of the delivery instrument 100, the implant device 120 may be restrained from translating or rotating relative to the extended finger portions 119. As shown in FIG. 1D, some illustrative embodiments of the extended finger portions 119 may comprise a rectangularly shaped protrusion, for example, for insertion within a similarly shaped slot located in an implant device 120. Further details of an embodiment of grasping plates 118 grasping the implant device 120 are depicted in FIG. 3A-3D.

FIG. 2A-2B are sectional views of an embodiment of the delivery instrument 100, illustrating an operation of an embodiment of the articulated joint 1 14. The threaded knob 112 may be rotatably mounted on a proximal end of the delivery instrument 100, coupling the main body portion 102 to the sliding actuator portion 106. In an illustrative embodiment of the threaded knob 112, internal threads may be formed within the knob 112 to mate with external threads formed on a proximal end of main body portion 102. A pin 113 disposed within the sliding actuator 106 may couple the knob 112 to the sliding actuator 106 via an internal groove located within the knob 112. As the knob 112 is rotated, the threaded coupling advances or retracts the sliding actuator 106 via the pin 113 moving through the groove. This may cause the articulated joint 114 to rotate about an axis through a pivot pin 124, which axis is nominally perpendicular to a vertebral endplate. As the knob 112 is rotated in one direction, the threaded coupling between the knob 112 and the main body portion 102 may advance the sliding actuator 106 forward with respect to the main body 102. Advancement of the sliding actuator 106 may pivot the articulated joint 114 about an attachment point 124 and arcuately move the implant device 120 through an arc “B.”

To release the implant device 120, a trigger 108 in certain embodiments may be pressed against the main body portion 102, thereby advancing an internal actuator rod 104 by way of a coupling established through link member 110, between the trigger 108 and the actuator rod 104. As shown in FIG. 3C-3D, a wedge portion 126 formed at the distal end of the actuator rod 104 is thereby forced between grasping plates 118, forcing the grasping plates 118A and 118B apart. Grasping plate 118A is separated far enough from grasping plate 118B so that the protrusions at the ends of each finger 119 may be removed from their corresponding recesses in the implant device 120. At this point, the implant may be released from the implant device 120.

A surgeon may use the delivery instrument 100 to appropriately position and release the implant device within an intervertebral space in vivo. The surgeon may reset the instrument 100 to an initial configuration, comprising open grasping plates 118A and 118B and a relatively coincident articulated joint 114. The implant device 120 may be placed between the open grasping plates 118A and 118B and secured by moving the trigger 108 away from the main body portion 102, in some embodiments.

The implant device 120, secured to the delivery instrument 100, is then inserted in vivo. The surgeon may place the implant device 120 proximal to the intervertebral space. In some cases, the surgeon may have to strike the proximate end of the delivery instrument 100 in order to drive the implant device 120 into the intervertebral space. Once within the intervertebral space, the implant device 120 may be further positioned and rotated into an appropriate configuration.

Removing the delivery instrument 100 initially requires opening the grasping plates 118A and 118B by moving the trigger 108 closer to the main body portion 102, in some embodiments. The delivery instrument 100 may then be moved so as to clear the end of the implant device 120. Once clear, the articulated joint 114 may then be rotated to be relatively coincident with the main body portion 102. The delivery instrument 100 may then be removed from in vivo.

Having thus described the present invention by reference to certain of exemplary embodiments, it is noted that the embodiments disclosed are illustrative rather than limiting in nature and that a wide range of variations, modifications, changes, and substitutions are contemplated in the foregoing disclosure. In some instances, some features of an embodiment of the present invention may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Many such variations and modifications may be considered desirable by those skilled in the art based upon a review of the foregoing description of illustrative embodiments. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the invention. 

1. An instrument comprising: a body portion having a first distal end and a first proximal end coupled by a first longitudinal axis; an actuator portion having a second distal end and a second proximal end coupled by a second longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the first longitudinal axis; a threaded rotational member threadingly engaged to a threaded portion of one of the first and second proximal ends, wherein a longitudinal position of the threaded rotational member relative to the body and actuator portions is fixed with respect to another one of the body and actuator portions; rotatable first and second fastening members movably coupled to the body and actuator portions, wherein the first and second fastening members are separated by a space designed to receive a portion of an interbody insert therein; an actuator rod having a third distal end and a third proximal end coupled by a third longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the first longitudinal axis; and a trigger pivotally coupled to the body portion and the actuator rod.
 2. The instrument of claim 1 wherein the actuator rod is positioned between the body portion and the actuator portion.
 3. The instrument of claim 1 wherein the first fastening member includes a first inner surface facing a second inner surface of the second fastening member, and wherein the first and second fastening members are movably coupled to the body and actuator portions to enable a distance between the first and second inner surfaces to be varied.
 4. The instrument of claim 3 wherein the third distal end includes a wedge sized to enter the space between the first and second inner surfaces to vary the distance between the first and second inner surfaces when the third distal end is moved relative to the first distal end.
 5. The instrument of claim 1 wherein the first and second fastening members are rotable from a first position to a second position around a pivot axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis.
 6. The instrument of claim 1 wherein the threaded rotational member is fixed with respect to the one of the body and actuator portions by a pin positioned substantially perpendicularly to the first or second longitudinal axis, respectively.
 7. An instrument comprising: a body portion having a first distal end and a first proximal end coupled by a first longitudinal axis; an actuator portion having a second distal end and a second proximal end coupled by a second longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the first longitudinal axis; an actuator mechanism moveably engaging the body portion and the actuator portion; rotatable first and second fastening members separated by a space and movably coupled to the body and actuator portions, wherein the first and second fastening members are configured to fasten to an interbody insert; an actuator rod having a third distal end and a third proximal end coupled by a third longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the first longitudinal axis, wherein the third distal end is wedge-shaped and sized to at least partially enter the space between the first and second fastening members; and a trigger pivotally coupled to the body portion and the actuator rod.
 8. The instrument of claim 7 wherein the actuator mechanism includes a threaded rotational member coupled to a threaded portion of one of the first and second proximal ends, wherein a longitudinal position of the threaded rotational member relative to the body and actuator portions is fixed with respect another one of the body and actuator portions.
 9. An instrument for delivering an insert, in which the instrument comprises: a body; a first member translatingly coupled to the body; a rotating member pivotally connected to a distal end of the body and the first member and configured to releasably retain the insert; a first actuator having a threaded member operatively coupled to the body and the first member, wherein rotation of the threaded member translates the first member with respect to the body, and wherein translation of the first member with respect to the body rotates the rotating member about the pivotal connections; and a second actuator operatively coupled to the rotating member and configured to transition the rotating member between release and retention of the insert.
 10. The instrument of claim 9 wherein the rotating member comprises: a first rotating member, and a second rotating member; wherein the first rotating member and the second rotating member are configured to translate relative to one another along a central axis of the pivotal connection to one of the body and the first member; wherein the second actuator operates to translate the first rotating member and the second rotating member between a first position and a second position; and wherein a distance between the first rotating member and the second rotating member in the first position is greater than a distance between the first rotating member and the second rotating member in the second position.
 11. The instrument of claim 10 wherein: the second actuator further comprises a wedging member; and wherein operating the second actuator slidingly interfaces the wedging member with the rotating member such that the first rotating member and the second rotating member are translated between the first position and the second position.
 12. The instrument of claim 10 wherein the first rotating member and the second rotating member each comprise a protrusion configured to releasably retain the insert.
 13. The instrument of claim 9 wherein the threaded member comprises a knob positioned at a proximal end of the body and the first member.
 14. An instrument for delivering an insert, in which the instrument comprises: a body; a first member slidingly engaged to the body; a first rotating member and a second rotating member, each pivotally coupled to the body and the first member and configured to releasably retain the insert; a first actuator operationally coupled to the body and the first member; a second actuator operationally coupled to the first rotating member and the second rotating member, wherein the second actuator comprises a wedging member slidingly engaged with the first rotating member and the second rotating member; wherein actuation of the first actuator translates one of the body and the first member with respect to another of the first member and the body; wherein actuation of the second member translates the first rotating member and the second rotating member between a first separation distance and a second separation distance; and wherein the first rotating member and the second rotating member retain the insert in one of the first and second separation distances and releases the insert in an other of the second and first separation distances.
 15. The instrument of claim 14 wherein the first actuator comprises a threaded knob positioned at a proximal end of the body and the first member; and wherein insertion and removal of the wedging member via actuation of the second actuator translates the first rotating member and the second rotating member.
 16. The instrument of claim 14 wherein the first rotating member and the second rotating member are resiliently biased towards one another; and wherein the wedging member acts upon the first rotating member and the second rotating member to oppose the resilient bias.
 17. A delivery instrument for an insert, in which the instrument comprises; a body; a first member slidably engaged with the body; a threaded first actuator rotatably interacting with the body and the first member such that rotation of the first actuator translates the first member relative to the body; a first grasping member and a second grasping member that each comprise a first protrusion, a second protrusion, and a central pivot; a second actuator configured to interact with the first grasping member and the second grasping member such that operation of the second actuator causes the first grasping member and the second grasping member to approach and withdraw from one another; wherein the first protrusions are configured to engage the insert; wherein the central pivots are pivotally connected to the body; wherein the second protrusions are pivotally connected to the first member; and wherein translation of the first member translating relative to the body rotates the first grasping member and the second grasping about the central pivots.
 18. The instrument of claim 17 wherein the first actuator comprises a knob threadably engaged with a proximal end of the body; wherein the knob is slidingly coupled to the first member via a pin attached to the first member and a groove within the knob; and wherein rotating the knob translates the first member relative to the body.
 19. The instrument of claim 17 wherein the second actuator comprises a wedging member slidingly interacting with the first grasping member and the second grasping member; and wherein operating the second actuator inserts and withdraws the wedging member between the first grasping member and the second grasping member.
 20. The instrument of claim 19 wherein the second actuator further comprises a link and a handle member; wherein the handle member is pivotally connected to the body; wherein the wedging member is pivotally coupled to the handle via the link; and wherein operating the handle member translates the wedging member relative to the first grasping member and the second grasping member.
 21. A method of using an instrument to deliver an interbody insert to an intervertebral space that comprises: setting an instrument in an initial position that comprises opening the interbody insert holder via a holder actuator by actuating a trigger of the interbody insert holder in a first direction and straightening the interbody insert holder via a rotation actuator; placing an end of the interbody insert between opposing arms of the interbody insert holder; grasping the interbody insert with the interbody insert holder by actuating the trigger of the interbody insert holder in a second direction to close the opposing arms of the interbody insert holder; inserting the interbody insert and an end of the instrument in vivo near the intervertebral space; striking an opposite end of the instrument to place the insert within the intervertebral space; rotating the interbody insert via the rotation actuator by rotating a portion of the rotation actuator around a longitudinal axis of the instrument and positioning the interbody insert within the intervertebral space; and releasing the interbody insert by actuating the trigger of the interbody insert holder in the second direction and removing the instrument.
 22. The method of claim 21 in which releasing the interbody insert further comprises: opening the opposing arms of the interbody insert holder via the holder actuator; moving the instrument such that the opposing arms of the interbody insert holder clear the interbody insert; and straightening the interbody insert holder via the rotation actuator. 